When you hear the word intelligence, the concept of IQ tests can immediately come to mind. Intelligence is often defined as our intellectual potential and is known as an innate factor that can be measured and a capacity that is difficult to change by age. However, in recent years, other intelligence views have emerged. One such understanding is the theory of multiple intelligences proposed by Harvard psychologist Howard Gardner.
This theory explains that traditional psychometric views of intelligence are minimal. Gardner first proposed in 1983 in his book ‘Frames of Mind: The Theory of Multiple Intelligences that all people have different types of ‘intelligence.’ Gardner suggested that there are eight types of intelligence. According to Gardner, the types of intelligence are given in the picture below.
In today’s world, ‘Emotional Intelligence (EQ), another widely used term and highly valued, has recently come to the fore. And this new concept seems to have taken place in the literature as another concept that makes a difference in addition to human Cognitive Intelligence (IQ). In this article, we will briefly talk about what Emotional Intelligence means.
Professor of Columbia University, E. L. Thorndike, first called it ‘Social Intelligence,’ but in the 1980s, it became known as ‘Emotional Intelligence (EQ). In 2002, all the details were revealed in a book by Daniel Goleman, Richard Boyatzis, and Annie McKee, introducing the definition and details known today.
Scientists say a human being is built on three primary attributes. These are Conceptual / Cognitive Intelligence (IQ), Emotional Intelligence (EQ), and Personality. IQ and personality are considered innate traits; these will not change significantly throughout our life. Among these, only EQ is an attribute that can be innate or improved later and makes a difference in our daily lives. [1]
Emotional intelligence is explained around two basic notions, ‘Personal Competence’ and ‘Social Competence’. (1) Personal Competence is divided into two, (1.1) self-awareness, (1.2) self-management, (2) Social Competence is also divided into two, (2.1) social awareness (2.2) relationship management. (see image below) In short, Emotional Intelligence is (1) understanding and managing self and (2) understanding and managing interactions in the social environment around us.
Personal Competence includes recognizing and managing one’s thoughts and feelings. Individual awareness means that people can perceive, understand, and accept their feelings by observing themselves with an impartial eye. If you can look at yourself with a completely neutral eye, perceive and analyze your emotions and reveal your feelings, then your awareness is complete. Managing yourself is controlling and directing your negative emotions and developing positive behaviors. It corresponds to the definition of ‘being at peace with oneself,’ as we call it?
Social Competence consists of two sub-concepts. One is Social awareness, which is understanding the individuals around us in a social environment, perceiving what they think and feel, and forming an objective opinion about them. The second is Relationship management which is the ability to manage relationships with other individuals. And Relationship management is the component of the three emotional intelligence traits: Self-Awareness, Self-Management, and Social Awareness, and these are added to the Cognitive Skills as depicted in the image below.
Studies show that people generate about 27 emotional responses in an hour of work. It means 456 emotional reactions at the end of an active period of 17 hours a day until they go to bed. A weekly emotional blending of around 3000 becomes 150,000 emotional stimuli a year. A person experiences approximately two million emotional changes during his lifetime. [2] People who can manage these emotional changes will be people who can build good relationships and are mainly successful in life. Another point that needs to be emphasized is that women are more capable than men regarding emotional intelligence.
In summary, emotional intelligence is how much you understand and manage yourself and those around you. Researchers say that various EQ tests are done to identify your deficiencies, work on them, and improve them. Success and satisfaction in your private and business life will come through productively and harmoniously managed relationships with yourself and all around you.
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Books to read-
Emotional intelligence, Dr. Daniel Goleman;
The Emotional Intelligence Quick Book, by Dr. Travis Bradberry, Dr. Jean Greaves;
HBR Guides to Emotional Intelligence by Harvard Business Review and
a website www.talentsmart.com/articles/[
Videos to watch
Crucial Competence: Emotional and Social Intelligence in Leadership https://www.youtube.com/watch?reload=9&v=GQhbFkB-oLc&feature=emb_logo
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NOTES
[1] [2] The Emotional Intelligence Quick Book by Dr. Travis Bradberry, Dr. Jean Greaves
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